1. Fine pottery
Pottery is divided into rough pottery and fine pottery according to the quality of its carcass. Fine pottery is exquisite in workmanship, regular in shape, thin in carcass, white and shiny in glaze, and elegant in decorative patterns. The structure and properties of the green body are roughly the same as those of the rough pottery, the porosity is large, and the water absorption rate is 10% to 15%. The product is less deformed than porcelain, and the size and specification are flat. It is fired twice, the biscuit firing temperature is 1100～1200℃, the glaze firing temperature is 1000～1100℃, and the body is relatively light. Due to the application of low-temperature white glaze, it can be fully glazed (full glaze at the bottom), which is not easy to scratch the table top, and it is also conducive to playing the role of decorative over-glaze and under-glaze colors, but the glaze is prone to cracks and defects. Fine pottery can be made into complete sets of dinnerware and tea sets, and can also be designed and made into display decorations. Fine pottery is mainly produced in Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Tangshan, Hebei.
2. Zisha pottery
Zisha pottery originated in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. It is a specialty of Dingshan in Yixing, Jiangsu. It uses purple sand mud from local nail mud with high iron content. There are unglazed pottery made of special clay such as purple clay, green clay, and yellow clay. The products are in reddish brown, light yellow, green, purple, black and other colors. Because purple sand clay has the advantages of fine texture, strong plasticity, high binding force, small shrinkage (about <2%), and small deformation, the shape of the product is regular, fine and changeable. It mostly produces medium and small daily-use utensils and decorative pottery, such as small single pots (holding pots), tea sets, vases, flower bowls, shallow water, etc.
Zisha pottery is fired with an oxidizing flame, and the firing temperature generally ranges from 1100 to 1200°C. It has a certain degree of water absorption, and its porosity is between pottery and porcelain. Therefore, the tea made in the purple sand pot does not lose the original taste, the color and fragrance are strong, the tea is not easy to go bad, the heat stability is good, and it is durable. People are welcome.
The production of Zisha pottery is traditionally made by the inlay molding method, which is still carried on today, and some of them are mass-produced by the grouting method. The shape is rigorous, the specifications are standard, the shape is changeable, there are geometric shapes and natural shapes, which are very rich. Because it is not glazed, it is mostly decorated with engraving and inlay methods. It pays attention to the traditional techniques of gold and stone carving, which is very simple, generous and intriguing.
3. Bone china
“Bone China” was founded in England. It is mainly composed of bone ashes or calcium phosphate (apatite is a natural mineral of calcium phosphate, and its chemical composition is similar to that of bone ash, so it can also partially replace bone ashes as bone china). “Bone china” is fired at high temperature at 1210-1280°C. Then apply low-temperature frit glaze, and fire twice at a temperature of about 1150°C. Lightweight, high whiteness, good light transmission, soft luster, water absorption not more than 0.5%.
“Bone China” is between hard porcelain and soft porcelain, but soft porcelain. The shape is round, and the body is crystal clear, suitable for making tea sets, coffee sets and other high-grade daily-use fine porcelain and arts and crafts display porcelain. It is mostly decorated with in-glaze color. Decorative overglaze, because the firing temperature of the glaze is low, the pattern can be melted into the glaze, and it also has an excellent effect.
4. Feldspar porcelain
“Feldspar porcelain” is a kind of porcelain commonly used in daily-use porcelain at home and abroad. It is made of feldspar, quartz, kaolin and other raw materials according to a certain proportion of formula, of which feldspar acts as a flux. The firing temperature is generally 1250-1350°C, and some porcelain factories have fired at 1400°C.
“Feldspar porcelain” is white in quality, with high transparency. “High temperature hard porcelain”. Because of its fine workmanship, regular shape, thin and delicate body, various glaze colors, delicate and bright, and rich decoration methods and colors, it is also called “high-temperature fine porcelain”. It is suitable for making dinnerware, tea sets, and all kinds of display porcelain, decorative art porcelain, porcelain carving and other decorative porcelain.
5. Stoneware
The name “stoneware” comes from Western Europe. It was translated as “stoneware” in Japan, and then it was introduced to China. This name was chosen to meet the needs of international trade.
“Stoneware” belongs to the category of porcelain, also known as “stoneware”. It is fired with an oxidizing flame, and the general temperature is 1230-1270°C. The stoneware tire is thicker, the section is stone-like, the water permeability is not more than 3%, the deformation is small, it has high mechanical strength and compressive strength, good wear resistance, thermal stability, and strong acid resistance (except hydrofluoric acid HF other than), suitable for mechanized washing. Raw materials can generally be obtained locally, the source is abundant, and the product price is low. Therefore, stoneware dinnerware and tea sets, especially because the glazed surface is resistant to scratches by knives and forks, are suitable for western dinnerware. They are currently the best-selling and most popular products in the world, and have become must-have eating utensils for hotels, families, and restaurants. “Stoneware” has good performance, so it can also be used to make sanitary ware, acid-resistant containers, etc. The shape of stoneware is generally straight and straight, and the corners are treated with soft corners (the turning line is not obvious, and it is circular), with a simple, thick and rough style. Thick body, round and thick sides, not afraid of impact, also known as “thick body porcelain”
“Stoneware” porcelain is poor in transparency. It is generally dominated by white glaze, sometimes colored glaze is added, and the decoration mainly uses colored glaze and underglaze colored edges, lines or color blocks. The screen is suitable for flat-painted decoration, and the shape and decoration form a unified style. Most of the patterns are painted on plain tires and then fired with transparent glaze; some of them are colored on the glaze surface, mostly by spraying, and silk screen decals can also be used.
6. Burnt gem porcelain
“Joint Gemstone” is a kind of dense high temperature resistant hard clay, which is widely used in the manufacture of refractory materials and is not suitable for fine porcelain. Some porcelain factories in Shandong use it to make color-bodied porcelain and floor tiles, adding transparent glaze, which has a unique style. Its thermal stability, mechanical strength, etc. are very high, and its raw materials are abundant and cheap, so it has great development prospects.
7. Talc porcelain
“Talc porcelain” is a magnesia porcelain with talc as the main raw material. It is a product that has been successfully researched in recent decades for daily-use ceramics. Adding talc to porcelain can improve transparency, whiteness and density. Therefore, daily-use talc porcelain has reached or exceeded the level of general daily-use fine porcelain in terms of whiteness, color tone, water absorption (0.5%), mechanical strength, and thermal stability. It is a unique product in Shandong, Liaoning and other porcelain regions, mainly in Shandong. The shape of the product is regular, the outline is clear, and the glaze color is crystal clear. There are light blue, white, light yellow, light gray, light green and other glaze colors, elegant and clean, very cute. It is suitable for making high-grade daily tea sets, dinnerware and display porcelain. It is mostly decorated with white and various light-colored patterns, which is very elegant and unique.
8. Ceramic high-temperature heat-resistant pot
“Ceramic high-temperature and heat-resistant cooking pot”, that is, “ceramic high-temperature and heat-resistant pot”, is an innovative product of ceramic scientific research in recent years. It has excellent rapid cooling and rapid heating performance, and its thermal stability can be rapidly cooled from 400 ° C to 20 ° C without cracking; it can be directly placed on various heat sources such as gas stoves, electric stoves, microwave ovens, coal cake ovens, and infrared rays for frying and frying , Steaming, boiling, frying, burning all kinds of food, easy to use. It also has the advantages of not chemically reacting with food, not decomposing nutrients in food, and non-toxic. Compared with stainless steel, enamel, and aluminum product pots, it can better retain the original flavor of its cooked food. The formula raw materials of this product contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and other trace elements necessary for the human body. Long-term use can promote the health of the human body and have health care functions.
Post time: Aug-18-2023